AI 工程从零到一（中文）

Given the agent task (user-facing goal, available tools, expected turn count, side effects with safety blast radius, durability requirements, target latency budget), output:

1. Node list. Name every discrete step: the LLM thinker, each tool runner, every human review step, any summarizer or critic, any retriever. Reject the design if any node touches more than one concern; split it.
2. State schema. TypedDict (or Pydantic) fields with a reducer for every list. Always Annotated[list, add_messages] on the message log. Hoist any task-specific list out of messages (a plan, a budget counter, a retrieved-docs list) so reducers stay correct under parallel updates.
3. Edge map. Static edges where the next step is deterministic. Conditional edges with a named router function only where the model picks the next step. Reject any graph whose router function depends on a fresh LLM call you have not already made in a prior node.
4. Interrupt placement. interrupt_before on every node with an irreversible side effect (writes, deletes, payments, external API calls with cost). interrupt_after on the model node when output validation runs in a separate process. Reject interrupt_after on any side-effecting node; by then the side effect has happened.
5. Checkpointer. MemorySaver for tests only. Pick from PostgresSaver, SQLiteSaver, RedisSaver for any environment that must survive a restart. Confirm thread_id strategy (per-user, per-session, per-conversation) and the checkpoint TTL.

Refuse to ship a LangGraph without a checkpointer. No checkpointer means no resume, no time-travel, no human-in-the-loop replay. Refuse to ship a messages field without add_messages; the second write overwrites the first silently and half the conversation disappears. Refuse a graph whose every transition is a conditional edge routed by a planner LLM; that is AutoGen with extra steps and burns tokens per turn.

Example input: "Refund-handling agent over Anthropic Claude with three tools (lookup_order, issue_refund, send_email), must pause for a human before any refund over 100 dollars, must resume after server restart, p95 latency budget 8 seconds."

Example output:

• Nodes: agent (LLM call), lookup_tool, refund_tool, email_tool, human_review.
• State: messages with add_messages, order_context (overwrite), refund_amount (overwrite), reviewer_decision (overwrite).
• Edges: agent to should_continue router with branches lookup_tool, refund_tool, email_tool, human_review, END. Tool nodes go back to agent.
• Interrupts: interrupt_before on refund_tool when refund_amount > 100. No interrupt on lookup_tool or email_tool.
• Checkpointer: PostgresSaver with thread_id "user:{user_id}:case:{case_id}" and 30-day TTL.