9. Glossary

Term	Full Name	Explanation
JVM	Java Virtual Machine	Java Virtual Machine, enabling "write once, run anywhere"
GC	Garbage Collection	Automatic memory management
GIL	Global Interpreter Lock	Python's Global Interpreter Lock, limiting multi-threaded performance
Goroutine	-	Go's lightweight thread (coroutine)
NPM	Node Package Manager	Node.js package manager, the world's largest package registry
Pip	Pip Installs Packages	Python's package manager
ORM	Object-Relational Mapping	Operating databases using object-oriented approaches
STW	Stop-The-World	Pause time during garbage collection
JIT	Just-In-Time Compilation	Runtime compilation to improve performance
Type Safety	-	Compile-time type error checking
Concurrency	-	Handling multiple tasks simultaneously
Parallelism	-	Truly executing multiple tasks at the same time
I/O Bound	-	I/O-intensive, bottleneck in network/disk operations
CPU Bound	-	CPU-intensive, bottleneck in computation